Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi munyika, unoziva here?

Pakare pazera reNeolithic, vanhu vane zvinyorwa zvekushandisa marasha, inova imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzesimba rekusimudzira nzanga yevanhu.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nekuda kwemutengo wayo wehupfumi, matura akawanda uye kukosha kwakakosha, nyika dzepasirese dzinokoshesa zvikuru zviwanikwa zvemarasha.United States, China, Russia neAustralia dzose inyika dzinochera marasha.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Kune gumi yemigodhi mikuru yemarasha pasi rose.Ngatizvitarisei.

Nhamba 10

Saraji/ Australia

Mugodhi wemarasha weSaraji uri muBowen Basin pakati peQueensland, Australia.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mugodhi uyu une zviwanikwa zvemarasha zvinosvika 502 miriyoni matani, ayo 442 miriyoni matani akaratidzwa uye 60 miriyoni matani (Chikumi 2019).Mugodhi wegomba wakavhurika ndewe uye unoshandiswa neBHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA) uye wanga uchigadzirwa kubva 1974. Mugodhi weSaraji wakagadzira 10.1 miriyoni matani muna 2018 uye 9.7 miriyoni matani mu2019.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 09

Goonyella Riverside/Australia

Mugodhi wemarasha weGoonyella Riverside uri muBowen Basin pakati peQueensland, Australia.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mugodhi uyu une zviwanikwa zvemarasha zvinosvika 549 miriyoni matani, ayo 530 miriyoni matani akaonekwa uye 19 miriyoni matani akatemerwa (Chikumi 2019).Mugodhi wegomba wakavhurika ndewe uye unoshandiswa neBHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA).Mugodhi weGoonyella wakatanga kugadzirwa muna 1971 uye wakabatanidzwa nemugodhi wakavakidzana nawo weRiverside muna 1989. Goonyella Riverside yakagadzira 15.8 miriyoni matani muna 2018 uye 17.1 miriyoni matani muna2019.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 08

Mt Arthur/Australia

Mugodhi wemarasha weMt Arthur uri mudunhu reHunter Valley kuNew South Wales, Australia.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mugodhi uyu une zviwanikwa zvemarasha zvinosvika 591 miriyoni matani, ayo 292 miriyoni matani akaratidzwa uye 299 miriyoni matani akaiswa (Chikumi 2019).Mugodhi uyu ndewe uye unoshandiswa neBHP Billiton uye une migodhi miviri yakavhurika, yekuNorthern neSouthern yakavhurika migodhi.Mt Arthur yakachera marasha anodarika makumi maviri.Basa remigodhi rakatanga muna 1968 uye rinobudisa matani anopfuura mamiriyoni gumi nemasere pagore.Mugodhi uyu unorarama makore makumi matatu nemashanu.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 07

Peak Downs / Australia

Mugodhi wemarasha wePeak Downs uri muBowen Basin pakati peQueensland, Australia.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mugodhi uyu une zviwanikwa zvemarasha zvinosvika 718 miriyoni matani (Chikumi 2019).Peak Downs ndeye uye inoshandiswa neBHP Billiton Mitsubishi Alliance (BMA).Mugodhi uyu mugodhi wakavhurika wakatanga kugadzirwa muna 1972 uye wakagadzira matani anopfuura miriyoni gumi nesere muna 2019. Marasha anobva mumugodhi anotakurwa nechitima kuenda kuCape Coal Terminal pedyo neMackay.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 06

Black Kutinhira/United States

Iyo Black Thunder Mine mugodhi wemarasha we35,700-acre uri muPowder River Basin yeWyoming.Mugodhi uyu ndewe uye unoshandiswa neArch Coal.Zvinonzi mugodhi uyu une zviwanikwa zvemarasha zvinosvika matani 816.5 miriyoni (Zvita 2018).Iyo yakavhurika-gomba yekuchera migodhi inosanganisira nzvimbo nomwe dzemigodhi uye nhatu dzekurodha.Kugadzirwa kwaiva 71.1 miriyoni matani muna 2018 uye 70.5 miriyoni matani muna 2017. Marasha mbishi anogadzirwa anotakurwa zvakananga paBurlington Northern Santa Fe uye Union Pacific njanji.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 05

Moatize/ Mozambique

Mugodhi weMoatize uri mudunhu reTete kuMozambique.Mugodhi uyu une mari inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika 985.7 miriyoni matani (Kubva muna Zvita 2018) Moatize inoshandiswa nekambani yemugodhi yekuBrazil Vale, iyo inobata chikamu che80.75% pamugodhi.Mitsui (14.25%) neMozambican Mining (5%) vane chimbadzo chasara.Moatize ipurojekiti yekutanga yeVale muAfrica.Mvumo yekuvaka nekushandisa mugodhi uyu yakapihwa muna 2006. Mugodhi wegomba wakavhurika wakatanga kushanda muna Nyamavhuvhu 2011 uye une goho repagore rematani miriyoni gumi nerimwe nemazana mashanu.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 04

Raspadskaya/Russia

Raspadskaya, iri munharaunda yeKemerovo yeRussian Federation, ndiyo mugodhi mukuru wemarasha muRussia.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mugodhi uyu une marasha matani 1.34 bhiriyoni (Zvita 2018).Raspadskaya Coal Mine ine migodhi miviri yepasi pevhu, Raspadskaya uye MuK-96, uye mugodhi wakazaruka unonzi Razrez Raspadsky.Mugodhi uyu ndewe uye unoshandiswa neRaspadskaya Coal Company.Migodhi yeRaspadskaya yakatanga mukupera kwema1970.Yese yakagadzirwa yaive 12.7 miriyoni matani muna 2018 uye 11.4 miriyoni matani muna 2017.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 03

Heidaigou/China

Heidaigou Coal Mine igomba rakavhurika riri pakati peZhungeer marasha muChina Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Mugodhi uyu unonzi une matani bhiriyoni nemazana mashanu emarasha.Nzvimbo yemugodhi iri makiromita zana nemakumi mashanu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweOrdos City, ine nzvimbo yakarongwa yemigodhi ye42.36 square kilometers.Shenhua Group ndivo varidzi uye vanoshandisa mugodhi uyu.Heidaigou yanga ichigadzira marasha esarufa yakaderera uye phosphorus yakaderera kubva muna 1999. Mugodhi uyu unobuda pa29m tonnes pagore uye wakakwira zvakanyanya kudarika 31m tonnes.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 02

Hal Usu/China

Mugodhi wemarasha weHaerwusu uri pakati penzvimbo yemarasha yeZhungeer muOrdos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region yeChina.Haerwusu Coal Mine ndiyo yakakosha kuvakwa kwemugodhi mukuru wemarasha panguva ye "11th Five-Year Plan" muChina, ine yekutanga dhizaini yematani emamiriyoni makumi maviri pagore.Mushure mekuwedzera kwesimba uye shanduko, ikozvino kugadzirwa kwesimba kwasvika 35 miriyoni matani / gore.Nzvimbo yemigodhi ingangoita 61.43 square kilometers, ine marasha akadzivirirwa zviwanikwa zve 1.7 bhiriyoni matani (2020), ari uye anoshanda neShenhua Group.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika

Nhamba 01

North Antelope Rochelle/ USA

Mugodhi mukuru wemarasha pasi rose ndiwo mugodhi weNorth Antelope Rochelle uri muPowder River Basin yeWyoming.Mugodhi uyu unofungidzirwa kuti une matani anopfuura bhiriyoni 1.7 ezviwanikwa zvemarasha (Zvita 2018).Inorindwa uye inoshandiswa nePeabody Energy, igomba rakavhurika rine makomba matatu emigodhi.Mugodhi weNorth Antelope Rochelle wakagadzira 98.4 miriyoni matani muna 2018 uye 101.5 miriyoni matani muna 2017. Mugodhi unoonekwa semarasha akachena kwazvo muUnited States.

Pamusoro pemigodhi yemarasha gumi muNyika.