Rudzi rutsva rwekongiri yakapfapfaidzwa ichishandisa coarse-grained aggregates uye simende ine zvakakosha additives kuti ikurumidze kuoma kwekongiri yakagadziriswa muEurope.
Inozivikanwa se "shotcrete" yakawana kushandiswa kuri kuwedzera senzira yekutsigira pasi pekuchera pasi pevhu muEurope neNorth America.
Kushandiswa kwayo mumigodhi yepasi kwave kuri kuedza zvikuru.Yakawanikwa kuti inogona kushandiswa sechinotsiva dzimwe nzira dzemazuva ose dzekutsigira pasi pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu epasi pevhu asi kuti pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, akadai se talc schist uye mamiriro ekunyorova kwazvo, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kuishandisa zvinobudirira.
Kushandiswa kweshotcrete senzira yekutsigira pasi mumigodhi yepasi kunotarisirwa kuwedzera.Simende yakapfapfaidzwa nemhando dzepurasitiki yezvinowedzera zviri kuitika izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kuwedzera chiyero chekushandiswa kwayo.Kongiri yakapfapfaidzwa yakabatana newaya mesh yave kutowana kushanda kwakafara mukuchera pasi pevhu.
Kushandiswa kweShotcrete
Paive nenzira mbiri dzekusanganisa coarse-aggregate shotcrete, dzinoti wet-musanganiswa uye yakaoma-musanganiswa unosanganisira kusanganiswa kwese kongiri inomisikidzwa nemvura uye kupomba musanganiswa wakakora kuburikidza nepombi yekuendesa kumuromo, uko kuwedzera mhepo kunowedzerwa uye zvinhu zvinopfapfaidzwa pamusoro pemusoro wenyaya.Iyo yakaoma-xix maitiro inobvumira kusuma kuri nyore kweanomhanyisa kazhinji musanganiswa wemvura-inonyungudika, nekudaro ichimhanyisa iyo hydration maitiro.MaAccelerators akagadzirwa anogonesa kongiri kuti inamire pamatombo uye kuti igare pasi pekuyerera kwemvura inorema.
Michina yekunyorova-musanganiswa haisati yagadzirwa kusvika pachinhanho chekuti vanogona kubata zvakakura kupfuura 3/4 mukati. Aya marudzi emichina anonyanya kushandiswa kudzikamisa pasi pevhu pane kutsigira muvhu risina kunaka.Amachine yerudzi urwu ndiyo yechokwadi Gun-Yese Model H, yakagoverwa nekambani yemidziyo yemigodhi, uye iri mukushandiswa kwakajairika kwekushandisa pasi pevhu apo yakapfava yekongiri inosvika 2in.gobvu uye kuva neaggregate inosvika 1/2 mukati.
Basa Rinotsigira re Shortcrete
Shotcrete inogona kushandiswa ingave seyakaumbwa kana seyakagadzika tsigiro.Kushaya simba kumatombo epurasitiki uye ivhu rakabatana rinoda kushandiswa kwechimiro chakaoma, chinokwanisa kudzivirira pasi kubva pakusunungurwa uye kuyerera mukati mekuvhura.Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa 4 kana kupfuura inches ye shotcrete.
Mune mamwe matombo ane hunyanzvi, anogona kushandiswa kumajoini nekutsemuka kudzivirira kufamba kwematombo kunokonzera kudzvinyirirwa kwedombo uye kukundikana.Iyo shotcrete inoshandiswa 2 kusvika 4 mukati makobvu pamatombo akaomarara kuzadza kuputika uye makomba kuti igadzire inenge yakatsetseka pamusoro uye kubvisa notch migumisiro, chete kushandiswa kwakatetepa kunodiwa panzvimbo dzakatsetseka.Muchiitiko ichi, iyo yakanyatso sungirirwa kongiri matrix inoita seglue yekubata makiyi nemaweji anotsigira zvidimbu zvakakura zvedombo uye pakupedzisira tunnel arch.Rudzi urwu rwekushandisa rwakajairika muSweden, uko dhizaini yerutsigiro rwetunnel yakavakirwa pashotcrete inofarirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuita kwayo uye mutengo wakaderera.
Iyo shotcrete inogona zvakare kushandiswa pachimiro cheshizha rakatetepa kuchengetedza ichangobva kucherwa matombo kubva pakurwiswa uye kushatiswa nemhepo nemvura.Mune chimiro ichi, inoramba ichichinjika memebrane iyo iyo mhepo yemhepo inogona kuita setsigiro.
Kuenzanisa kweGunite uye Shotcrete
Coarse-aggregate shotcrete inosiyana kubva kune yakafanana yakasanganiswa uye yakaiswa pfuti pakuti pfuti ikongiri yechokwadi ine coare (kusvika 1.25 mukati) dombo muunganidzwa wayo, nepo gunite ichiwanzoita sedhaka resamende.Iyo shotcrete inosiyana negunite mukushandisa uye inoshanda nenzira dzinotevera:
1) Iyo pfuti inowanzoita kavha yakatetepa padombo, asi shotcrete kana ikaiswa pakarepo mushure mekuputika inopa zvese chisimbiso uye chitsigiro chekudzikamisa dombo idzva.Iyo yakasimba shotcrete-rock bond inofungidzirwa kuve nekuda kwekuita kweakanyanya kugadzirwa accelerating admixtures izvo zvisingabvumidze kongiri kuti isvedze kubva padombo pamusoro peening maitiro ehombe aggregate particles pane akakwenenzverwa zvidimbu uye dhizaini ye shortcreting machines inoshandiswa.
2) Iyo shotcrete inoshandisa hombe (kusvika 1.25 mu) aggregate iyo inogona kusanganiswa nesamende nejecha pakunyorova kwayo kwemukati pasina kuomeswa kunodhura kunowanzodikanwa negunite.Inogona zvakare kuiswa muukobvu hwekusvika 6 mukati mune imwe pass, nepo gunite ichingoiswa kune ukobvu husingapfuure 1 inch.Nokudaro shotcrete inokurumidza kuva tsigiro yakasimba pamwe chete nekudzikamisa kwevhu rakaoma rakavhurika.
3) Mamixtures anowedzera anoshandiswa mukupfura anobatsira mukuwana chisungo nedombo, kunyangwe iyo shotcrete ingave isina kusimba pane yakajairwa kongiri yemusanganiswa wakafanana asi ine accelerator shoma.Iyo haina mvura uye inoratidzwa nepamusoro pesimba rekutanga (anenge mazana maviri psi muawa imwe chete), nekuda kwete chete kune zvakasanganiswa asiwo kune dhigirii remakombureti anogamuchirwa kubva kune kukanganisa velocities ye250-500ft.per sec.uye kune tis yakaderera mvura / simende reshiyo (inenge 0.35).Shotcrete, ine zvakakosha zvinowedzera, inogona kushandura dombo resimba diki kuita rakagadzikana, uye isina kusimba kumatombo epurasitiki akapfapfaidzwa nawo anogona kuramba akagadzikana aine mashoma masendimita erutsigiro rweshotcrete.Nekuda kwezvivakwa zvayo zvinokambaira, shotcrete inogona kusimudzira deformation pamusoro pemwedzi kana makore pasina kukundikana nekupwanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-06-2021
